The development of an organizational model for technology enhanced personalized learning (TEPLAN)

Technology-Enhanced Personalized Learning (TEPL) offers new opportunities for adaptive learning, yet its successful implementation requires coherence across teaching practices, school organization, and educational context. Despite growing interest, research lacks an integrated perspective on the organizational dimensions of TEPL. This study develops an organizational model for TEPL (TEPLAN) through an iterative process that integrates research and practice in a continuous cycle of refinement. Based on literature key factors at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels are identified, which are validated and shaped into an initial organizational model for TEPL by expert validation. An empirical validation tests the model's validity in diverse school contexts, providing insights into its relevance for schools at varying stages of TEPL implementation, while a final theoretical validation ensures alignment with recent scholarly advancements. By adopting a network-based approach, TEPLAN captures the dynamic interrelations between organizational factors, providing a framework for schools to develop TEPL in a way that aligns with their specific context and needs.