Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales

Peter Hoegen; Michael Echteld; Cindy de Bot; Annemarie de Vos; Derya Demirçay; Mary-Anne Ramis; Lidwine Mokkink; Hester Vermeulen

doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286

Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales

Peter Hoegen
, Michael Echteld
, Cindy de Bot
, Annemarie de Vos
, Derya Demirçay
, Mary-Anne Ramis
, Lidwine Mokkink
, Hester Vermeulen

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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Background
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for appropriate, effective, and affordable care. Despite EBP education, barriers like low self-efficacy and outcome expectancy limit nurses’ engagement in EBP. Reliable scales are essential to evaluate interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP. The English Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP scales are psychometrically sound.

Objectives
To describe the translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales.

Method
The scales were translated forward and backward, piloted for comprehensibility and completeness and then administered among Dutch nurses and nursing students.

Results
Pilot testing confirmed comprehensibility, completeness, and relevance of the items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 769) tested a second-order model for the Self-efficacy scale (Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR)=0.04) and a single-factor model for the Outcome Expectancy Scale (CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.01). Chi-squared tests remained significant. Hypothesis testing confirmed construct validity of the Self-efficacy (r = 0.77) and Outcome Expectancy Scale (r = 0.74). Both scales exhibited high internal consistency with McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.95.

Discussion
Both scales exhibit theoretical soundness and positive fit indices. Significant chi-square tests and high correlations between weighted and unweighted scores support using unweighted scores over utilizing the estimated model to calculate weighted scores.

Conclusions
Construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales are good. Future research should prioritize responsiveness and test-retest reliability.

Original language	English
Article number	100286
Journal	International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
Volume	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2025

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10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286Licence: CC BY

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666142X24001139

Cite this

Hoegen, P., Echteld, M., de Bot, C., de Vos, A., Demirçay, D., Ramis, M.-A., Mokkink, L., & Vermeulen, H. (2025). Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 8, Article 100286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286

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title = "Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales",

abstract = "Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for appropriate, effective, and affordable care. Despite EBP education, barriers like low self-efficacy and outcome expectancy limit nurses{\textquoteright} engagement in EBP. Reliable scales are essential to evaluate interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP. The English Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP scales are psychometrically sound. Objectives To describe the translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales. Method The scales were translated forward and backward, piloted for comprehensibility and completeness and then administered among Dutch nurses and nursing students. Results Pilot testing confirmed comprehensibility, completeness, and relevance of the items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 769) tested a second-order model for the Self-efficacy scale (Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR)=0.04) and a single-factor model for the Outcome Expectancy Scale (CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.01). Chi-squared tests remained significant. Hypothesis testing confirmed construct validity of the Self-efficacy (r = 0.77) and Outcome Expectancy Scale (r = 0.74). Both scales exhibited high internal consistency with McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.95. Discussion Both scales exhibit theoretical soundness and positive fit indices. Significant chi-square tests and high correlations between weighted and unweighted scores support using unweighted scores over utilizing the estimated model to calculate weighted scores. Conclusions Construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales are good. Future research should prioritize responsiveness and test-retest reliability.",

author = "Peter Hoegen and Michael Echteld and \{de Bot\}, Cindy and \{de Vos\}, Annemarie and Derya Demir{\c c}ay and Mary-Anne Ramis and Lidwine Mokkink and Hester Vermeulen",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286",

language = "English",

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Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales. / Hoegen, Peter; Echteld, Michael; de Bot, Cindy et al.
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, Vol. 8, 100286, 01.06.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales

AU - Hoegen, Peter

AU - Echteld, Michael

AU - de Bot, Cindy

AU - de Vos, Annemarie

AU - Demirçay, Derya

AU - Ramis, Mary-Anne

AU - Mokkink, Lidwine

AU - Vermeulen, Hester

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for appropriate, effective, and affordable care. Despite EBP education, barriers like low self-efficacy and outcome expectancy limit nurses’ engagement in EBP. Reliable scales are essential to evaluate interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP. The English Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP scales are psychometrically sound. Objectives To describe the translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales. Method The scales were translated forward and backward, piloted for comprehensibility and completeness and then administered among Dutch nurses and nursing students. Results Pilot testing confirmed comprehensibility, completeness, and relevance of the items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 769) tested a second-order model for the Self-efficacy scale (Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR)=0.04) and a single-factor model for the Outcome Expectancy Scale (CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.01). Chi-squared tests remained significant. Hypothesis testing confirmed construct validity of the Self-efficacy (r = 0.77) and Outcome Expectancy Scale (r = 0.74). Both scales exhibited high internal consistency with McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.95. Discussion Both scales exhibit theoretical soundness and positive fit indices. Significant chi-square tests and high correlations between weighted and unweighted scores support using unweighted scores over utilizing the estimated model to calculate weighted scores. Conclusions Construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales are good. Future research should prioritize responsiveness and test-retest reliability.

AB - Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for appropriate, effective, and affordable care. Despite EBP education, barriers like low self-efficacy and outcome expectancy limit nurses’ engagement in EBP. Reliable scales are essential to evaluate interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP. The English Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP scales are psychometrically sound. Objectives To describe the translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales. Method The scales were translated forward and backward, piloted for comprehensibility and completeness and then administered among Dutch nurses and nursing students. Results Pilot testing confirmed comprehensibility, completeness, and relevance of the items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 769) tested a second-order model for the Self-efficacy scale (Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR)=0.04) and a single-factor model for the Outcome Expectancy Scale (CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.01). Chi-squared tests remained significant. Hypothesis testing confirmed construct validity of the Self-efficacy (r = 0.77) and Outcome Expectancy Scale (r = 0.74). Both scales exhibited high internal consistency with McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.95. Discussion Both scales exhibit theoretical soundness and positive fit indices. Significant chi-square tests and high correlations between weighted and unweighted scores support using unweighted scores over utilizing the estimated model to calculate weighted scores. Conclusions Construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy in EBP Scales are good. Future research should prioritize responsiveness and test-retest reliability.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286

DO - 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100286

M3 - Article

SN - 2666-142X

VL - 8

JO - International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances

JF - International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances

M1 - 100286

ER -